For episode 11 see here
The Theory of the Universal Community
XII. The Investiture Controversy*
A. Thinking on political and social ideas preserved from antiquity reemerged
in the 11th Century
B. Main issue was contest between Emperor and Pope, a jurisdictional dispute
between two principles of authority for a single Christian society
C. The Church's claim based on the idea of Christian society as the foundation
underpinning a Christian state
1. Church strengthened by Pseudo Isidorian Decretals of the 9th Century
concerning centralization and papal authority
2. greater seriousness and militancy of churchmen in pursuit of Christian
ideal connected with Cluniac Reforms of the 10th Century
3. John of Salisbury placed both swords in the hands of the Church
D. The Emperor saw himself as subject only to God in temporal affairs
(forerunner of Divine Right)
1. His office was his property and heritarty
2. The two swords were independent of each other
*Note: From Wikipedia -- "The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was a conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe over the ability to install high church officials through investiture. By undercutting imperial power, the controversy led to nearly 50 years of civil war in Germany..... It began as a power struggle between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV in 1076."
Next week: Universitas Hominum
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